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Effect of Carbon Black on PE Pipe Performance
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Effect of Carbon Black on PE Pipe Performance

2025-02-12

Before understanding "Carbon Black", we first need to know an important performance indicator of plastic pipes - Weather Resistance.
Weather resistance refers to the ability of a material to resist aging, deterioration and performance degradation in the natural environment (under the influence of natural factors such as sunlight, temperature, humidity, rain, wind, etc.). It is an important indicator for evaluating materials in outdoor application scenarios.
The role of "carbon black" is to specifically improve the weather resistance of plastic pipes such as PE.

1. What will happen if PE pipes are exposed to the sun for a long time?
When PE plastic pipes are exposed outdoors, the ultraviolet rays in the sunlight, as a high-energy ray, will decompose the molecular chains on the surface of the plastic and produce free radicals. The free radicals are further oxidized to produce peroxides, which react with polymers to cause polymer aging. The final reflection on the pipe is surface cracking and brittleness, the mechanical properties continue to decline, and the service life is reduced.

2. What is carbon black?
Carbon black is a black powdered carbon material, usually made from petroleum byproducts, natural gas or coal through incomplete combustion or pyrolysis. Carbon black is widely used as a pigment and filler in industries such as rubber, coatings and inks.
After adding carbon black, PE pipes can form a uniformly distributed carbon black layer, which effectively absorbs and scatters ultraviolet rays, improves the antioxidant properties of PE pipes, and prevents aging and breakage.

3. What is the main role of carbon black?
In PE pipes, the role of carbon black is mainly manifested in the following two aspects:
- Absorbing ultraviolet rays:
The high surface area and light absorption properties of carbon black enable it to effectively absorb ultraviolet rays and prevent ultraviolet rays from directly irradiating polymer molecules.
- Scavenging free radicals:
The functional groups on the surface of carbon black (such as hydroxyl groups) can react with free radicals generated by ultraviolet rays in polymer molecules, thereby scavenging these active free radicals and preventing them from initiating further polymer decomposition reactions. This chemical reaction helps stabilize the polymer structure and delay the aging process of the polymer.

4. What are the requirements for carbon black in PE pipes?
- Carbon black content:
In order to ensure good UV blocking performance, the carbon black content of PE pipe materials should be controlled within the range of 2-2.5%.
- Carbon black particle size:
Carbon black particles should be as fine as possible, usually within the range of 20-50 nanometers, so as to be better dispersed in PE pipe materials.
- Carbon black ash content:
The lower the carbon black ash content, the higher the purity, and the less impact on the performance of PE pipes. In general, the ash content of carbon black for PE pipes should be controlled below 0.5%. (Ash Content refers to the sum of non-carbon substances in carbon black, usually inorganic salts and other non-combustible residues in carbon black.)


The above is a summary of the "carbon black" of PE pipes. It can be seen that for the vast majority of plastic pipes that have requirements for carbon black, it ultimately comes down to improving the "weather resistance" of the plastic pipes.